Interahamwe n’Intore: Iyo Gukunda Igihugu Bihinduwe Igikoresho cya Politiki, Amateka Ashobora Kwisubiramo

Abanyarwanda benshi iyo bumvise ijambo “Interahamwe”, bahita batekereza ku mutwe wamenyekanye mu mateka mabi ya 1994. Ariko iperereza rya BADRAMA TV risubira inyuma, mbere y’uko iryo zina rihinduka ikimenyetso cy’ubwicanyi, rikabaza ikibazo gikomeye: ese “Interahamwe” zatangiye ari izina ry’ubwicanyi, cyangwa zari izina ryo gushyira hamwe no gukunda igihugu ryaje gufatwa na politiki mbi?

Iki kibazo ni cyo kidufungurira indi ngingo ikomeye: iyo ubutegetsi bufashe ijambo ryiza, rikomoka ku muco cyangwa ku gukunda igihugu, bukaryubakiraho discipline, inyigisho za politiki, imyitozo, urubyiruko, diaspora n’umurongo umwe w’ubutegetsi, iryo zina rishobora guhinduka igikoresho gikomeye cya politiki.

Ni muri urwo rwego BADRAMA TV ireba Interahamwe n’Intore. Si ukuvuga ko ayo mazina ari kimwe mu mateka yose cyangwa mu bikorwa byose. Ahubwo ni ukubaza niba hari uburyo busa politiki ishobora gukoresha amagambo meza, ikayambika icyubahiro cy’umuco n’igihugu, ariko nyuma akifashishwa mu kubaka abantu bumvira umurongo w’ubutegetsi aho kubaka abakora ibiteza imbere abaturage.

Ikibazo si izina, ikibazo ni politiki n'uko irikoresha.

Interahamwe: izina ryatangiye risobanura iki?

Ku rwego rw’ururimi, “Interahamwe” rishobora kumvikana nk’abantu bari hamwe, bakorera hamwe, cyangwa bafite intego imwe. Ntabwo ari ijambo ryari risanzwe risobanura ubwicanyi. Nk’uko n’andi mazina menshi akoreshwa muri politiki ashobora gutangira afite ubusobanuro bwiza, “Interahamwe” na ryo ryumvikanaga nk’izina ryo gushyira hamwe no guhuriza imbaraga ku gihugu.

Ariko amateka y’u Rwanda atwereka ko ijambo ryiza rishobora guhinduka ribi bitewe n’abarifashe, impamvu barikoresheje, abo barikoreshejeho, n’icyo barihaye gukora.

Ni yo mpamvu iperereza ritagomba guhagararira ku byo abantu basanzwe bazi nyuma y’ibyabaye. Rigomba gusubira ku ntangiriro: amatariki, inyandiko, amazina, abari bahari, ibyemezo byafashwe, n’uburyo izina ryavuye mu mvugo rusange rikajya muri structure ya politiki.

Inyandiko ya Roma mu mwaka wi 1990: aho byose byatangiriye

Mu nyandiko BADRAMA TV yabonye, hari ibaruwa ya “République Rwandaise — Ambassade à Rome”, ifite nimero AR/0329, yandikiwe i Roma ku wa 5 Ukuboza 1990. Iyo baruwa isinyweho na André Katabarwa, wari Ambasaderi w’u Rwanda mu Butaliyani.

Iyo nyandiko ivuga ko yohererezaga abo yitaga “Chers compatriotes” inyandiko-mvugo y’Inteko Rusange ya “cellule INTERAHAMWE” yabaye ku wa 6 Ukwakira 1990, iyi tariki ifite uburemere budasanzwe.

Ibaruwa ya Ambasade y’u Rwanda i Roma yo ku wa 5 Ukuboza 1990, isinyweho na André Katabarwa, ivuga ku nyandiko-mvugo y’Inteko Rusange ya “cellule INTERAHAMWE” yo ku wa 6 Ukwakira 1990.

Ku wa 1 Ukwakira 1990, intambara ya FPR yari imaze gutangira. Nyuma y’iminsi mike, ku wa 6 Ukwakira 1990, inyandiko ivuga ko hari “cellule Interahamwe” yakoresheje Inteko Rusange i Roma. Ku wa 5 Ukuboza 1990, Ambasade y’u Rwanda i Roma yohereza inyandiko mvugo y’iyo nama.

Aha ni ho ibibazo bikomeye bitangirira.

Umurongo w’igihe ugaragaza uko izina “Interahamwe” ryagaragaye mu nyandiko za 1990 mbere yo kumenyekana cyane mu Rwanda no mu mateka ya 1994.

Iyo “cellule Interahamwe” yari iya nde? Yari iya diaspora nyarwanda i Roma? Yari iya MRND? Yari iya Ambasade? Yari iya politiki yashyizweho nyuma y’uko intambara itangiye? Cyangwa yari izina ryakoreshejwe mbere, nyuma rikaza gufatwa n’imbaraga za politiki imbere mu Rwanda?

Iyi nyandiko ntisubiza ibibazo byose. Ariko igaragaza ikintu gikomeye: izina “Interahamwe” ryari rimaze gukoreshwa muri structure yiswe “cellule” i Roma mu 1990, mbere y’uko riza kumenyekana cyane nk’umutwe w’urubyiruko rwa MRND imbere mu Rwanda.

Icyo ni ikibazo cy’amateka kidakwiye kwirengagizwa.

André Katabarwa: umuntu uri hagati y’amateka menshi

André Katabarwa si izina risanzwe muri iyi dosiye. Yabaye umuyobozi muri leta, aba Ambasaderi w’u Rwanda mu Butaliyani, nyuma agaragara mu bikorwa by’uburenganzira bwa muntu. Inyandiko za Amnesty International zimugaragaza nk’umuntu wakoraga muri Association des Volontaires de la Paix (AVP) umwe mu miryango nyarwanda yakoraga ku burenganzira bwa muntu.

Mu Mutarama 1994, mbere gato ya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Katabarwa yatewe grenade avuye iwe i Kiyovu, we n’umurinzi we barakomereka. Icyo gitero cyabaye mu gihe abandi bantu bakoraga mu miryango y’uburenganzira bwa muntu, abanyamakuru n’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana na bo bibasirwaga.

Aha hari ikibazo gikomeye: niba Katabarwa agaragara ku nyandiko ya Roma 1990 ivuga “cellule Interahamwe” ni gute nyuma agaragara nk’umuntu wari mu ruhande rw’abibasirwaga n’ubutegetsi bwariho?

Yaba yari uwashinze iyo cellule? Yaba yari umuhuza wa diaspora? Yaba yari Ambasaderi wohereje inyandiko gusa? Yaba yari umuntu wari hagati y’imbaraga nyinshi za politiki, nyuma akaza kwibasirwa kubera ibyo yari azi cyangwa aho yari ahagaze?

Ibisubizo ntibiri mu marangamutima. Biri muri annexe y’iyo baruwa: inyandiko mvugo y’Inteko Rusange ya “cellule Interahamwe” yo ku wa 6 Ukwakira 1990. Iyo nyandiko ni yo ishobora kugaragaza abari bahari, ibyemezo byafashwe, intego z’iyo cellule, abayobozi bayo, n’uko yahuzaga na Ambasade, diaspora, leta cyangwa ishyaka.

Kugeza iyo nyandiko mvugo ibonetse, ikizwi ni iki: Katabarwa agaragara mu nyandiko ihuza Ambasade y’u Rwanda i Roma n’izina “Interahamwe” mu 1990.

Robert Kajuga: Umukuru w’Interahamwe

Indi ngingo ikomeye muri iyi dosiye ni Robert Kajuga, uzwi nka Perezida wa Interahamwe ku rwego rw’igihugu. Mu nyandiko nyinshi zivuga kuri jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Kajuga agaragara nk’umwe mu bayobozi b’ingenzi b’Interahamwe.

Ariko hari ikindi kintu cyagiye kigarukwaho: Kajuga yari afite se w’Umututsi na nyina w’Umuhutukazi. Ibi byatumye bamwe bibaza ikibazo gikomeye: ni gute umuntu ufite iyo nkomoko yabaye umuyobozi w’umutwe waje kumenyekana mu bwicanyi bwibasiye Abatutsi?

Hari ubuhamya bwatangiwe muri ICTR bwavuze ko Kajuga yaba yarakoraga cyangwa yari afite aho ahuriye na FPR. Ariko ibi byombi bifungura ikibazo gikomeye: ese Interahamwe zari structure ya MRND gusa, cyangwa hari izindi mbaraga zayicengeyemo, zayikoresheje cyangwa zungukiye mu kavuyo kayo? Aha ni ho amateka y’Interahamwe akwiye gusomerwa neza. Ntabwo ari izina ryishe abantu. Ni politiki mbi, propaganda, ubuyobozi, imyitozo, intambara n’umurongo w’ubutegetsi byafashe iryo zina bikarihinduza igikoresho.

None se Intore zihurira he n’iyi nkuru?

Leta ya FPR yasubijeho Itorero ry’Igihugu ivuga ko rigamije gutoza Abanyarwanda indangagaciro, kirazira, gukunda igihugu, kwitanga, gukorera igihugu no kugira umuco w’ubutore. Ku rwego rw’amagambo, ibyo byose byumvikana neza.

Ariko iperereza ntirihagararira ku magambo meza. Iperereza rireba uko gahunda ikora, abo igenerwa, aho ibera, ibyo bigishwa, abayiyobora, inzego ziyigiramo uruhare, n’ingaruka zayo muri politiki.

Imyitozo ya gisirikare muri gahunda z’Itorero/Indangamirwa: aho uburere mboneragihugu buhurira n’ibibazo bya politiki. Ifoto igaragaza urubyiruko cyangwa abitabiriye gahunda z’Itorero n’Indangamirwa mu Rwanda.

Mu myaka ishize, gahunda z’Itorero n’Indangamirwa zagiye zihuza urubyiruko, abanyeshuri, abayobozi, diaspora n’ibyiciro bitandukanye by’Abanyarwanda. Hari gahunda zabereye mu bigo nka Nkumba na Gabiro. Hari aho byavuzwe ko abitabiriye bahawe political education, amateka y’igihugu nk’uko asobanurwa na leta, discipline, imyitozo ngororamubiri, n’ahandi hakavugwa basic military training, intelligence na counterterrorism.

Aha ni ho ikibazo Gihera: ese iyi ni civic education gusa, cyangwa ni uburyo bwo kubaka urubyiruko rwumva igihugu binyuze mu ndorerwamo y’ubutegetsi buriho?

• Iyo gahunda yigisha gukunda igihugu, ariko igihugu kikavugwa nk’aho ari kimwe n’ishyaka riri ku butegetsi, ikibazo kiba kivutse.
• Iyo gahunda yigisha amateka, ariko ayo mateka agasobanurwa n’uruhande rumwe gusa, ikibazo kiba kivutse.
• Iyo gahunda yigisha discipline, ariko iyo discipline igahuzwa no kumvira umurongo wa politiki, ikibazo kiba kivutse.
• Iyo urubyiruko na diaspora batozwa mu izina ry’igihugu, ariko politiki y’imbere mu gihugu itemera opposition ikomeye, itangazamakuru ryigenga n’ibitekerezo bitandukanye, ikibazo kiba kivutse.
• Iyo ni yo mpamvu BADRAMA TV ibaza iti: ese Intore ni uburere mboneragihugu gusa, cyangwa ni structure ya politiki yambitswe umwambaro w’umuco?

Interahamwe n’Intore: ibyo bahuriyeho

Ntituvuga ko umuntu wese witwa Intore ari Interahamwe. Ntituvuga ko buri muntu watojwe mu Itorero ari umunyabyaha. Ntituvuga ko ibyabaye mu 1994 byahise bisubira uko byakabaye uyu munsi. Ariko hari ibimenyetso bifatika ndetse binerekana neza aho ibi bintu bibiri bihurira kuko byose byitwa:Umuco, Gukunda igihugu, Urubyiruko, Discipline, Training, Political education, Imikoranire n’inzego z’umutekano.

Graphic igereranya Interahamwe n’Intore mu mikoreshereze y’amazina, urubyiruko, training, political education n’umurongo w’ubutegetsi.

Ibi ni byo bituma BADRAMA TV ibaza niba amateka atatwigisha ikintu gikomeye: politiki mbi ishobora gufata izina ryiza ikarigira igikoresho cy’ubutegetsi. Ibyabaye ku izina “Interahamwe” bigomba gufasha Abanyarwanda kureba neza n’andi mazina akoreshwa uyu munsi mu izina ry’umuco, patriotism n’igihugu. Gukunda igihugu ntibigomba kuba gukunda ubutegetsi

Kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye mu Rwanda ni uko ijambo “gukunda igihugu” ryakunze gukoreshwa n’ubutegetsi butandukanye mu buryo bunyuranye n'ukuri, dore ukuri guhari:

• Gukunda igihugu si ugukunda ishyaka.
• Gukunda igihugu si ugukunda umuyobozi.
• Gukunda igihugu si uguhakana ibibazo abaturage bafite.
• Gukunda igihugu si ugufunga amaso imbere y’akarengane.

Gukunda igihugu ni ukubaza ibibazo bikomeye igihe ubutegetsi bukoresha amazina meza kugira ngo bwubake abantu bumvira banagendera munsi y'amategeko yabo gusa aho kubaka abaturage bafite uburenganzira bwo gutekereza.

Ni yo mpamvu opposition, itangazamakuru ryigenga n’abaturage batemera inkuru imwe gusa bafite inshingano yo kubaza. Iyo leta idashaka ko abantu baganira ku mateka, biba ari ngombwa kuyaganiraho. Iyo ubutegetsi bushaka ko izina rimwe risobanurwa mu buryo bumwe gusa, biba ari ngombwa gusubira mu nyandiko.

Dosiye y'Interahamwe, Intore, Katabarwa na Kajuga ntabwo irangiye, ahubwo irafungutse. Dore ibibazo BADRAMA TV ikomeza gukurikirana:

1. Inyandiko mvugo ya “cellule Interahamwe” yo ku wa 6 Ukwakira 1990 yabereye i Roma ivuga iki? Ni bande bari bayirimo? Ni nde wari uyoboye iyo cellule? Yari ifite aho ihuriye na MRND, Ambasade, diaspora cyangwa leta?.
2. André Katabarwa yari afite uruhe ruhare nyakuri? Yari founder, umuhuza, Ambasaderi wohereje inyandiko gusa, cyangwa umuntu wari mu ihuriro ry’imbaraga za politiki z’icyo gihe?.
3. Igitero cya grenade cyamugabweho muri Mutarama 1994 cyari kigamije iki? Ni nde wari inyuma yacyo? Kuki umuntu wari ufite amateka muri leta, diplomacy n’uburenganzira bwa muntu yageze aho yibasirwa?
4. Robert Kajuga yari muntu ki mu ihuriro ry’Interahamwe? Kuba yari afite inkomoko ivanze byasobanuraga iki? Ubuhamya bwavuze ko yaba yarakoraga kuri FPR bwagenzuwe gute? Ni iki inkiko zafashe nk’ukuri, ni iki zasize nk’ubuhamya butatangiwe umwanzuro?
5. Gahunda z’Intore za FPR, cyane cyane izihuza diaspora, urubyiruko, political education, imyitozo n’inzego z’umutekano, zikwiriye gusomwa nk’uburere mboneragihugu gusa cyangwa nk’uburyo bwo kubaka umurongo wa politiki?

Umwanzuro:

Amateka ntarangirira ku byo leta yemeye kuvuga

Iyi nkuru ntabwo igamije guhanagura ibyaha byakozwe n’umutwe w’Interahamwe mu 1994. Ntabwo igamije guhakana jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ntabwo igamije guhindura abakoze ibyaha abere.

Iyi nkuru igamije gucukumbura inkomoko y’amazina, imikoreshereze yayo, uburyo politiki ikoresha urubyiruko, diaspora, umuco n’amateka mu kubaka umurongo w’ubutegetsi. Iyo leta ifashe izina ryiza, ikaryubakiraho training, discipline, political education, imikoranire n’inzego z’umutekano n’icyerekezo kimwe cyemewe, Abakunda igihugu bafite inshingano zo kubaza bati: ibi biragana he?

Iyo izina ryavuzwe mu nyandiko ya diaspora i Roma mu 1990, nyuma rikaza kugaragara nk’umutwe w’urubyiruko rwa MRND, nyuma rikaba umutwe wamenyekanye mu bwicanyi, dufite inshingano yo kubaza tuti: ni iki cyahindutse? Ni nde wahinduye iryo zina? Ni nde waryungukiyemo?

Iyo uyu munsi hari gahunda zitoza urubyiruko n’Abanyarwanda baba hanze, zikabigisha umuco, patriotism, political education, imyitozo n’imikoranire n’inzego z’umutekano, dufite inshingano yo kubaza tuti: ibi ni civic education, cyangwa ni uburyo bwo kubaka abantu bumvira umurongo umwe wa politiki?

BADRAMA TV ntabwo ivuga amateka kugira ngo ishakishe urwango. Ivuga amateka kugira ngo ikure abantu mu rujijo, igaragaze ukuri ndetse iharanire uburenganzira n'umutekano by'abaturage. kuko amateka y’u Rwanda ntazigera yumvikana neza igihe cyose abaturage bazajya basabwa kwemera inkuru imwe gusa, badahawe uburenganzira bwo kubaza ibibazo ku mazina, ku bantu, ku nyandiko no kuri system zayakoresheje.