Amabuye y'Agaciro ya RDC: Isahurwa Rigomba Guhagarara, Ubusugire Bwayo Bukubahirizwa

Intambara zimaze imyaka hafi 30 mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC), kuva mu 1996 kugeza ubu, abashakashatsi n'imiryango mpuzamahanga bavuga ko zimaze guhitana abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 6 cyangwa barenga. Iyi ntambara yatangijwe n’u Rwanda, ruvuga ko rwari rugiye gucyura impunzi z’Abanyarwanda zari zarahungiye muri RDC mu 1994, ndetse n’abategetsi b’u Rwanda bakavuga ko muri izo mpunzi harimo n’abahoze ari abasirikare ba Ex-FAR bashakaga gutera u Rwanda.

Mu nama y’Akanama k’Umutekano ka Loni yo ku wa 22 Nyakanga 2026, kigiraga hamwe uko y'umutungo kamere w’ibihugu waba umusingi w'amahoro, umutekano n'iterambere. Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa Loni yongeye kugaruka ku kibazo cy’intambara iri kubera muri RDC. Yibanze ku isahurwa n’ikoreshwa ry’amabuye y’agaciro mu buryo butemewe, avuga ko ari bimwe mu bikomeje gutiza umurindi iyo ntambara no gutuma ubuzima bw’abaturage benshi bukomeza kuhatikirira. António Guterres yagize ati: "Akenshi, amafaranga ava mu isahurwa n'ikoreshwa ritemewe ry'umutungo kamere atuma amahoro arushaho kutagerwaho, kuko akomeza guha imbaraga imitwe yitwaje intwaro n'imitwe y'ibyaha, agahuza urugomo rwo mu bice runaka n'imiyoboro yo ku rwego rw'akarere ndetse n'isi yose, kandi akagabanya ubushake bwo gushaka ibisubizo bya politiki."

Kuva aho umutwe wa M23 wongeye kubura imirwano mu mpera za 2021, u Rwanda rwagiye rushinjwa n’impande mpuzamahanga zitandukanye ibintu birimo gutera inkunga no gufasha umutwe wa AFC/M23 mu buryo bwa gisirikare. Ikindi ni ukuba ruvogera ubusugire bwa RDC rukajya gukora ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro bunyuranyije n’amategeko mpuzamahanga. Ibi kandi bifitanye isano n’iyoherezwa mu mahanga ry’amabuye y’agaciro ava mu bice bigenzurwa na AFC/M23 mu burasirazuba bwa RDC.

Raporo nyinshi z’impuguke za Loni zasohotse hagati ya 2022 na 2025 zemeza ko hari ibimenyetso simusiga by’uko amabuye y’agaciro, cyane cyane coltan, ava mu bice nka Rubaya bigenzurwa na AFC/M23, akinjizwa mu Rwanda mu buryo butemewe, hanyuma akoherezwa ku masoko mpuzamahanga nk’aho akomoka mu Rwanda.

U Rwanda rukomeje kuvuga ko rwinjiye muri iki kibazo mu rwego rwo kwirinda umutwe wa FDLR uvuga ko ushaka kuruhungabanyiriza umutekano. Umusesenguzi twaganiriye yavuze ko iyo mvugo idafite ishingiro, kuko iyo FDLR iba iteje inkeke u Rwanda, mu myaka itanu ishize hari kuba haragaragaye nibura igitero kimwe yagabye ku mupaka warwo, nyamara ngo nta gihari.

Uyu musesenguzi kandi avuga ko niba koko abarwanyi ba FDLR bari mu bice byose byafashwe na AFC/M23-RDF nk'uko bivugwa, byari bikwiye kuba bararwanyijwe bagacyurwa mu Rwanda. Avuga ko ibi bigaragaza ko hari izindi nyungu zishobora kuba zituma u Rwanda rujya muri RDC.

Tugarutse ku nama y’Akanama k’Umutekano ka Loni, Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa Loni yavuze ko igihe kigeze ngo isi ihindure uburyo umutungo kamere ukoreshwa. Yagize ati: "Igihe kirageze ngo ducike kuri uwo muco umaze imyaka myinshi, aho umutungo kamere ucukurwa, inyungu zikajya ahandi, abaturage bakennye bagasigara iheruheru... Nta kongera gukoreshwa nabi. Nta kongera gusahurwa."

Mu gihe hakomeje gushakishwa uburyo bwo gutuma leta y’u Rwanda yubahiriza ibyo isabwa n’amahanga, muri Werurwe 2026 Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zafatiye ibihano uruganda n’urusobe rw’abantu n’ibigo byavuzweho gufasha ubucuruzi butemewe bw’amabuye y’agaciro, ivuga ko rwakoranaga na AFC/M23 kandi ko ayo mabuye yavaga muri RDC akanyuzwa mu Rwanda.

Ku wa 17 Nyakanga 2026, Akanama k’Umutekano ka Loni na ko kafatiye ibihano bamwe mu bayobozi b’imitwe yitwaje intwaro ikorera mu burasirazuba bwa RDC, harimo abo muri AFC/M23 ndetse n’abo muri FDLR, mu rwego rwo kugabanya ubushobozi bw’iyo mitwe bwo gukomeza intambara.

Iki kibazo cy’intambara yo muri RDC cyagaragayemo inyungu z’ibihugu bitandukanye, cyane cyane izishingiye ku mutungo kamere w’icyo gihugu. Thérèse Kayikwamba Wagner, Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga wa RDC, yashimangiye ko ikibazo cy’amabuye y’agaciro atari ikibazo cy’ubukungu gusa, ahubwo ari ikibazo cy’amahoro n’ubusugire bw’igihugu cye. Yagize ati: "Intego yacu irasobanutse: ni uguhindura umutungo kamere wacu ukareka kuba intandaro y'amakimbirane, ahubwo ukaba umusingi w'amahoro, umutekano n'iterambere risangiwe na bose."

Kayikwamba yasabye Loni gushyiraho uburyo mpuzamahanga bwo gukurikirana inkomoko y’amabuye y’agaciro kugira ngo aturuka mu bice birimo intambara atinjira ku masoko mpuzamahanga. Nubwo ibi bimaze igihe bisabwa, haracyari ikibazo cy’abayagura mu buryo bwa magendu kuko bayabona ku giciro kiri hasi.

Uwari uhagarariye u Rwanda muri iyo nama yavuze ko amahoro, umutekano n’ubufatanye bw’akarere ari byo bizatuma umutungo kamere uba isoko y’iterambere aho kuba intandaro y’amakimbirane muri rusange.

Ku kibuga cy’imirwano ho, intambara mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo iracyakomeje nubwo hari ibiganiro by’amahoro biri kubera mu nzira zitandukanye za dipolomasi.

Imirwano ikomeye irakomeje muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo, cyane cyane mu misozi ya Fizi na Mwenga, Point Zero n’ahandi. Muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, naho ni uko imirwano irakomeje muri Masisi, Kalehe n’utundi duce dutandukanye nka Nyiragongo. AFC/M23 ivuga ko FARDC n’abo bafatanyije bagabye ibitero ku bice bya Malemo, Miandja, Gasenyi, Ruki na Gatovu.

Nubwo hari ubushake bw’ibihugu bikomeye n’imiryango mpuzamahanga bwo guhagarika iyi ntambara, hari ibigaragaza ko inzira yo kugera ku mahoro ikiri ndende. Bishobora kuba bigoye kwizera amahoro ya vuba kuri iki kibazo mu gihe AFC/M23 na yo yatangaje ko mu ntangiriro z’uku kwezi kwa Nyakanga yasoje imyitozo y’abasirikare bashya b’abakomando barenga ibihumbi icyenda. Mu gihe isahurwa ry’umutungo kamere wa DRC byahagarika, ubusugire bw’imipaka yayo bukubahirizwa ntagushidikanya ko ibi byaba zimwe munkingi zatuma iki gihugu kigira amahoro arambye.