Rwanda na EAC: Kuba u Rwanda rwumva ko rufite Politiki Ihambaye mu Kugenzura Ubuziranenge bw’Ibicuruzwa Bishobora Kurushyira mu Kaga

Impaka zishingiye ku bicuruzwa by’inzoga bitandukanye byinjizwa mu Rwanda ziragenda ziba ikibazo kirenze ubucuruzi bw’ibinyobwa ubwabyo. Ubu ziri gushyira mu kigeragezo uburyo Umuryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAC) ukoresha mu kugena no kumenyekanisha ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa mu bihugu biwugize.

Ku wa 5 Kanama 2026, Rwanda Food and Drugs Authority (Rwanda FDA) yahagaritse by’agateganyo ibicuruzwa byinshi by’inzoga byatumizwaga mu Rwanda, ivuga ko icyemezo cyafashwe mu rwego rwo kurengera ubuzima bw’abaturage. Muri ibyo bicuruzwa harimo ibicuruzwa bitanu bikorerwa muri Kenya: Kenya King Gin, Safari Gin, Avalon Potable Spirits, Sweet Berry Potable Spirits na Gilbey’s Gin.

Si Kenya gusa na Uganda hari n’ibinyobwa byaturukaga muri Tanzania byahagaritswe. Kuri iri tangazo rya Rwanda FDA, u Rwanda rwanahagaritse by’agateganyo ibicuruzwa by’inzoga 52 byatumizwaga mu bihugu bitandukanye, birimo Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya, Burundi, India na Poland. Ku ruhande rwa Uganda, Rwanda FDA yahagaritse ibicuruzwa by’inzoga 10, nk’uko Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) yabyemeje mu makuru aheruka.

Kenya ntiyigeze yihanganira na gato ibyo bikorwa ikimara kubyumva kuko babifashe nkagasuzuguro kubera ko bavuga ko za laboratoire zipima ibi binyobwa ziri kuri standards mpuzamahanga none u Rwanda rukaba rushaka kubitesha agaciro. Icyemezo cya Kigali cyahise gisubizwa na Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS). Uru rwego rwa Kenya ruvuga ko ibyo bicuruzwa byakorewe igenzura ry’ubuziranenge, igenzura ry’inganda ndetse n’ibizamini bya laboratoire, kandi ko ibisubizo byagaragaje ko byujuje standards za Kenya ndetse n’iz’Umuryango wa EAC. KEBS yavuze ko ibyo bipimo byarebaga, mu bindi, igipimo cya alcool, methanol, aldehydes, esters, volatile acids ndetse n’imyandikire iri ku macupa.

Aha umusesenguzi yatubwiye ko u Rwanda rwahubuze mugufata kiriya cyemezo kuko nyuma rushobora gusanga rwaratesheje agaciro ibigo byarwo bishinzwe gupima ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa binyuranye.

Impaka n’ikibazo bishobora kuzarenga ikibazo cy’inzoga

Inyuma y’izi mpaka harimo ikibazo gikomeye kurushaho: Ni uruhe rwego certification yatanzwe n’igihugu kimwe cya EAC igomba kugira mu kindi gihugu cy’umuryango?

Ubusanzwe EAC ishingiye ku ihuzwa ry’amabwiriza y’ubuziranenge, igenzura ry’ibicuruzwa no ku ihame ryo kwemeranya no kumenyana ibisubizo by’igenzura rikorwa n’inzego zibifitiye ububasha mu bihugu bitandukanye.

Intego ni ukorohereza ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa gukorera mu isoko ry’akarere, no kugabanya inzitizi z’ubucuruzi zishingiye ku bipimo bya tekiniki. Ikibazo kikaba kikigaruka hibazwa niba icyemezo cyafashwe na leta y’u Rwanda cyarizweho neza kandi niba bitazagira ingaruka no kubicuruzwa byarwo byoherezwa mu karere.

Turebye ikibazo kiri hagati ya Kigali na Nairobi gitangiye kuzamura ibibazo bikomeye: Niba igicuruzwa cyemejwe ko cyujuje standards muri Kenya, u Rwanda rushobora kukihagarika nubwo cyaba gifite certification yemewe ku rwego rwa EAC?

Niba buri gihugu gishobora kongera kugenzura no guhagarika ibicuruzwa byemejwe n’ikindi gihugu, hari impungenge ko ibigo bikora ubucuruzi byatangira kwibaza agaciro nyakuri ka mutual recognition muri EAC.

Kigali ivuga ko irengera umutekano w’abaguzi

Ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda, ikibazo cyashyizwe cyane ku mutekano n’ubuzima bw’abaguzi, ndetse no ku kubahiriza amabwiriza agenga ibicuruzwa.

Rwanda FDA ifite ububasha bwo gukura ku isoko ibicuruzwa isanze bitujuje ibisabwa. U Rwanda rwagiye rushyiraho n’izindi ngamba zijyanye n’umutekano w’ibinyobwa bisindisha, harimo amabwiriza yabujije gukora, gutumiza no gukwirakwiza inzoga zipfunyitse mu macupa ya pulasitiki mu rwego rwo kurengera ubuzima rusange.

Ariko ikibazo gikomeye ubu ni ukumenya ibimenyetso bya tekiniki byatumye u Rwanda rufata icyo cyemezo, cyane cyane mu gihe inzego za Kenya zivuga ko  ibicuruzwa byagenzuwe kandi bikagaragaza ko byujuje standards. Ikindi u Rwanda rwafashe kiriya cyemezo rutigeze ruvugana n’ibihugu bagiye basinyana amasezerano kugira ngo hatabaho kuyahutaza iki nacyo kikaba ari ikibazo kitoroshye bituma hibazwa niba ntaguhubuka kwabayemo.

Ikibazo rero ni iki: Ese ibizamini byakozwe n’inzego z’u Rwanda n’ibya Kenya byatanze ibisubizo bitandukanye? Niba ari uko bimeze, ni ubuhe buryo EAC ifite bwo gukemura amakimbirane nk’ayo hagati y’inzego z’igihugu n’izindi?

Uganda na yo yinjiye muri izi mpaka

Ikibazo nticyagumye hagati y’u Rwanda na Kenya gusa. Ku wa 15 Kanama 2026, Uganda na yo yatangiye kwamagana imbogamizi u Rwanda rwashyize ku bicuruzwa bimwe by’inzoga bikorerwa muri Uganda. Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) yavuze ko ibyo bicuruzwa bifite certifications zijyanye na standards za EAC.

UNBS yavuze kandi ko Rwanda FDA itari yabanje kuyimenyesha ku buryo bwemewe mbere yo gufata icyo cyemezo. Uru rwego rwa Uganda rwanavuze ko mu nama ya EAC yabaye ku wa 10 Kanama, nta bisobanuro bya siyansi cyangwa bya tekiniki bihagije byari byatanzwe kugira ngo izo restrictions zikomeze.

Mu bicuruzwa byavuzwe harimo Bond 7 Whisky, Campfire Gin, Club 5 Gin, Tembo Liqueur, X5 Gin, Jonney’s Gin, X5 Liqueur, Pan Master Whisky, X5 Whisky na Gilbey’s Flavoured Gin.

Ikibazo gikomeye kuri Common Market ya EAC

Izi mpaka zibaye mu gihe EAC ikomeje gushaka gukuraho inzitizi z’ubucuruzi zitari imisoro, kugira ngo ibicuruzwa bibashe kugenda mu bihugu biyigize nta nzitizi zidakenewe. Kenya na Uganda bibona iki kibazo nk’ikibazo cyo kubahiriza uburyo bw’akarere bwo gutanga certification no kwemeranya ku bipimo by’ubuziranenge.

U Rwanda rwo rushimangira ububasha rufite bwo kurengera ubuzima bw’abaturage no gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza y’ubuzima n’umutekano.

Aha ni ho ikibazo gikomeye kiri: Ni gute EAC yahuriza hamwe uburenganzira bw’igihugu bwo kurengera abaturage bacyo n’inshingano zo kubahiriza uburyo bw’akarere bwo kwemeranya ku bipimo n’ubuziranenge?

Niba ibihugu bidashobora kumvikana ku bisubizo bya laboratoire cyangwa ku gaciro ka certification yatanzwe n’ikindi gihugu, ibyo bishobora kuvamo inzitizi nshya z’ubucuruzi, ibiciro byiyongera, gutinda ku mipaka, igihombo ku bakora ibicuruzwa ndetse n’icyizere gike ku isoko rusange rya EAC.

EAC iri imbere y’ikizamini gikomeye

Ikibazo nyamukuru ni ukumenya niba EAC ifite uburyo buhagije, bwigenga kandi busobanutse bwo gukemura amakimbirane ya tekiniki hagati y’inzego z’ibihugu.

Mu by’ukuri, iyi ntambara ntabwo iri gusa ku macupa y’inzoga. Irimo no kugerageza icyizere kiri hagati y’ibihugu bigize EAC ndetse n’ubushobozi bw’umuryango bwo gukora nk’isoko rimwe.

Niba igicuruzwa cyemejwe ko cyujuje standards muri Kenya, kigahagarikwa mu Rwanda, hanyuma Uganda na yo ikaza kurwanya ibyemezo bya Kigali, EAC izasabwa kugaragaza niba ifite uburyo bukomeye bwo gukemura amakimbirane nk’aya mbere y’uko ahinduka amakimbirane manini y’ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu biyigize.