DRC: Ibiganiro by'amahoro biri kuba, ariko AFC/M23 ikomeje

Mu gihe hakomeje gushakishwa inzira zose zishoboka, cyane cyane iza dipolomasi, kugira ngo intambara imaze imyaka myinshi mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC) ihagarare, umutwe wa AFC/M23 ugaragara nk'ukomeje gahunda yo kongera ubushobozi bwawo bwa gisirikare. Nubwo agahenge kasabwe n'impande zitandukanye kagabanyije ubukana bw'imirwano mu bice bimwe na bimwe, imirwano ntiyahagaze burundu, ndetse ibikorwa bya gisirikare birakomeje.

Izi nyeshyamba zimaze igihe zirwanya ubutegetsi bwa Kinshasa, muri uku kwezi kwa Nyakanga i Tchanzu, muri Teritwari ya Rutshuru, Intara ya Kivu y'Amajyaruguru, zahakoreye umuhango wo gusoza imyitozo zivuga ko yari ikakaye y'abasirikare bazo bashya bagera ku 9,318.

Jenerali Sultani Makenga, umugaba w'ingabo z'uyu mutwe, yatangaje ko aba bakomando bashya bamaze kwitegura kujya ku rugamba, avuga ko bagamije kurinda abaturage no gukomeza urugamba rwo "kubohora uburasirazuba bwa Congo."

Aha buri wese yakwibaza impamvu ibihugu bikomeye n'imiryango mpuzamahanga bikomeje gusaba impande zose gukomeza inzira y'ibiganiro no gushyira mu bikorwa ibikubiye mu masezerano atandukanye harimo aya Washington mu gihe AFC/M23 yo ikomeje kongera umubare w'abarwanyi no gushaka intwaro zigezweho. 

Ibi biraca amarenga ko uyu mutwe ushobora kuba ushaka gukoresha iki gihe cy'agahenge mu kongera umubare w'abarwanyi, kunoza imyiteguro ya gisirikare no kwagura ubushobozi bwawo mbere y'uko habaho indi mirwano ikomeye.

Jenerali Sultani Makenga yagize ati: "Dufite igice kinini tugenzura kandi aho tugenzura hagomba kwaguka, ni yo mpamvu dukeneye izindi ngabo."

Aya magambo aje mu gihe ibiganiro by'amahoro byatewe inkunga na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Qatar n'Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe bikomeje gushaka uburyo bwo kugabanya ubushyamirane hagati ya Kinshasa na Kigali no gushishikariza impande zose guhagarika ibikorwa bya gisirikare.

Muri raporo y'Itsinda ry'Impuguke z'Umuryango w'Abibumbye yasohotse muri Kamena 2026, yavuze ko umutwe wa AFC/M23 wari ufite abarwanyi bagera ku 30,000. Iyo raporo ivuga ko abo barwanyi barimo abarwanyi ba kera ba M23, abinjijwe mu mutwe mu bihe bya vuba, abahoze mu ngabo za Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (FARDC), abapolisi, ndetse n'abarwanyi baturutse mu yindi mitwe yitwaje intwaro yo muri RDC binjiye cyangwa binjijwe muri AFC/M23.

Iyo mibare iyo ihujwe n'abakomando bashya 9,318 batangajwe ko barangije imyitozo i Tchanzu, byatanga ishusho y'uko uyu mutwe ushobora kuba ugeze ku barwanyi bagera hafi ku 40,000, nubwo uwo mubare utaremezwa ku mugaragaro n'itsinda ry'Impuguke za Loni.

Si ubwa mbere AFC/M23 itangaje igikorwa nk'iki cyo gusoza imyitozo y'abarwanyi benshi. Muri Nzeri 2025 i Rumangabo yatangaje ko abakomando 7,437 barangije imyitozo y'ibanze ya gisirikare. Mu Ukwakira 2025 i Tchanzu yatangaje abandi 9,350. Muri Gashyantare 2026 yongeye gutangaza abakomando 7,532 barangirije imyitozo i Tchanzu, naho muri Werurwe 2026 i Rumangabo hatangazwa abakomando b'ingabo zidasanzwe 1,518.

Abasesenguzi bavuga ko gukomeza kwinjiza no guha imyitozo abarwanyi benshi muri ibi bihe bishobora kongera impungenge ku hazaza h'ibiganiro by'amahoro, kuko iyo impande zikomeje kongera ubushobozi bwa gisirikare mu gihe ibiganiro bikomeje, bishobora kugabanya icyizere cyo kugera ku masezerano arambye.

Raporo za vuba z'Itsinda ry'Impuguke za Loni kuri RDC (S/2026/534 na S/2026/466) na zo zivuga ko ingabo z'u Rwanda (RDF) zibarirwa hafi ku 18,000 ziri mu burasirazuba bwa RDC.

Loni yongeye kuvuga ko ingabo z'u Rwanda zikomeje gukorana bya hafi na AFC/M23 mu bikorwa bya gisirikare, ibirego u Rwanda rwakomeje guhakana, rugasobanura ko ingamba zarwo zigamije kurinda umutekano warwo no guhangana n'umutwe wa FDLR, Kigali ivuga ko ugikomeje guteza umutekano muke ku mupaka.

Ku ruhande rwa Perezida Paul Kagame, amagambo yavuze mu mbwirwaruhame ze za vuba nta kimenyetso atanga cyerekana ko u Rwanda rwiteguye kuva muri RDC cyangwa guhagarika ibikorwa bya gisirikare mu gihe cya vuba. Ahubwo yakomeje kuvuga ko u Rwanda ruzakomeza kurinda inyungu zarwo z'umutekano kugeza igihe impungenge zarwo zizaba zakemuwe.

Yanavuze amagambo akomeye agaragaza ko adashaka guhindura umurongo u Rwanda rufite kuri iki kibazo kubera igitutu mpuzamahanga, agira ati:"Nzaceceka ari uko napfuye." Yongeye kuvuga ko, uko abibona, kugerageza "kurandura M23" bifitanye isano no gushyira u Rwanda mu kaga.

Uku gukomeza kuzamura umubare w'abarwanyi ba AFC/M23, ukongeraho ibikubiye muri raporo za Loni ku bufasha uyu mutwe uvugwaho guhabwa n'u Rwanda, hamwe n'imvugo z'abayobozi b'u Rwanda zigaragaza ko badateganya guhindura umurongo wabo wa gisirikare muri aka kanya, bikomeje gutuma hari abasesenguzi bavuga ko inzira igana ku mahoro arambye mu burasirazuba bwa RDC ikiri ndende kandi yuzuyemo imbogamizi.