Imashini y’intambara yubakiwe kuri FDLR

Mu myaka isaga makumyabiri ishize, izina rya FDLR ryabaye ku isonga mu bisobanuro byatanzwe n’u Rwanda ku bikorwa byarwo bya gisirikare mu burasirazuba bwa Congo. Kigali yakunze kugaragaza uyu mutwe nk’ikibazo cy’umutekano kitarakemuka, ugifatwa nk’igisigisigi cy’abagize uruhare muri jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Amateka y’iyo myaka ntashobora kwirengagizwa. Abenshi mu batangije FDLR bakomokaga mu basirikare ba FAR n’abari muri Interahamwe bahungiye mu burasirazuba bwa Congo nyuma ya 1994.

Ariko ikibazo gikomeje kwibazwa ni iki: ese uyu mutwe uhagaze ute muri iki gihe, kandi ni gute umaze imyaka irenga 25 ukiriho nubwo habaye ibikorwa byinshi bya gisirikare by’u Rwanda byageze kure muri Congo?

Amateka agaragaza ibibazo bikomeye.

Mu 1996, u Rwanda rwinjiye muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (icyo gihe yitwaga Zaire), rusobanura ko rugamije gusenya ibigo by’abakekwaho uruhare muri jenoside no gukuraho ikibazo cy’umutekano ku mupaka warwo. Iyo ntambara yaje no kugira uruhare mu guhirika ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu Sese Seko. Nyuma y’imyaka, ingabo z’u Rwanda zongeye kujya muri Congo inshuro nyinshi, harimo n’igihe Kigali yari ifite ijambo rikomeye ku bibera mu bice byinshi bya Congo.

Umwe mu bantu bakomeye bagaragara muri aya mateka ni General James Kabarebe. Mbere yo kuba Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo z’u Rwanda ndetse nyuma akaza kuba Minisitiri w’Ingabo, Kabarebe yabanje kugirwa Umugaba Mukuru w’ingabo za Congo ku butegetsi bwa Laurent-Désiré Kabila. Mu ntambara ya mbere ya Congo, ingabo z’u Rwanda zari zarageze i Kinshasa. Nyuma yaho, u Rwanda rwakomeje kugira uruhare rukomeye mu burasirazuba bwa Congo binyuze mu bufatanye n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro.

Ibi byazamuye ikibazo kimaze imyaka gikurikirana iyi ntambara: niba FDLR yari ikibazo gikomeye kibangamiye ubuzima bw’u Rwanda, ni gute yakomeje kubaho mu bihe u Rwanda rwari rufite ubushobozi bukomeye bwa gisirikare muri Congo?

Igisubizo kuri iki kibazo nticyivugwaho rumwe. Kigali ivuga ko FDLR yagiye yihisha mu baturage, ikongera kwiyubaka kenshi. Ariko hari aberekana ko uyu mutwe wagabanutse cyane ucibwa intege bigaragara. Abakurikirana ibibazo by’umutekano mpuzamahanga bavuga ko mu myaka ya vuba ushobora kuba usigaranye abarwanyi babarirwa mu magana kugeza ku gihumbi, kandi ukorera cyane mu bice byitaruye.

Icindi ibitero bikomeye ku Rwanda byabaye bicye cyane mu myaka ishize. Icyuho kigaragara ni uko FDLR ikiri umutwe witwaje intwaro ufite amateka mabi, ariko ubushobozi bwayo bwo muri iki gihe ntibusa n’ubw’umutwe ushobora guteza ikibazo gihoraho ku mutekano w’igihugu nk’uko rimwe na rimwe bigaragazwa.

Ikindi kibazo kijyanye n’abarwanyi ba FDLR basubira mu Rwanda. Mu myaka myinshi, u Rwanda rwagiye ruvuga ko abanyamuryango ba FDLR ari abagizi ba nabi bagomba kubazwa ibyo bakoze. Ariko binyuze muri gahunda zo gushyira intwaro hasi no gutaha mu gihugu, hari abarwanyi benshi bagarutse mu Rwanda. Bamwe bakiriwe binyuze muri gahunda zo kongera kubana n’abandi aho kuburanishwa mu ruhame.

Ibi bitera ikibazo ku buryo amategeko akoreshwa. Niba umuntu afatwa nk’umugizi wa nabi ukomeye igihe ari muri Congo, ni iki gihinduka akimara kwambuka umupaka akagera mu Rwanda? Imanza zo mu ruhame ziri he? Ni he haboneka uburyo bugaragara bwo gutandukanya abakoze ibyaha n’abari abayoboke gusa?

Kutagira amakuru ahagije ku byabaye kuri bamwe mu bagarutse byateye kwibaza byinshi. Hari bamwe mu bahoze muri FDLR bavuga ko batinyaga gutaha kubera ko bashoboraga gufungwa cyangwa gukorerwa igitutu cyo gukorera inyungu za Leta. Ndetse amwe mumakuru akagaragazako hari bamwe mubarwanyi ba FDRL bagera mu Rwanda bagatozwa ubundi bagasubizwa muri Congo nka FDRL kudirango peresida Kagame abone impamvu yo gukomeza intambara. Ikibazo kinnini kikagaragaza ko FDLR itari ikibazo cy’umutekano ahubwo yarahindutse igikoresho cya politiki.

Amabuye y’agaciro yo mu burasirazuba bwa Congo ntashobora gutandukanywa n’aya mateka. Aka karere gafite umutungo ukomeye wa coltan, zahabu, tin n’ibindi bikoresho bifite agaciro ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Mu myaka ishize, iperereza ry’imiryango mpuzamahanga n’abanyamakuru ryagiye rigaragaza isano iri hagati Y’u Rwanda mu gukoresha imitwe yitwaje intwaro mu ubucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro n’intambara.

Raporo zitandukanye zagiye zigaragaza impungenge ku isano iri hagati y’ubucuruzi bukorera mu Rwanda, imitwe yitwaje intwaro n’uko amabuye ava ku butaka bwa Congo agera ku masoko.

Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zashyize ibihano kuri James Kabarebe, zimushinja gufasha M23 no kugira uruhare mu bikorwa by’amabuye y’agaciro bifitanye isano n’intambara. U Rwanda rwamaganye ibyo birego kandi rukavuga ko ibikorwa byarwo bishingiye ku mutekano.Ariko ntibyoroshye kwirengagiza ibikorwa bya gisirikare bikunze kugaragara ahantu hari n’umutungo ukomeye w’amabuye y’agaciro.

Ku bantu benshi muri Congo no mu Rwanda, impaka ntizikiri kuri FDLR gusa. Ahubwo ni ukumenya niba impamvu y’umutekano yarakoreshejwe mu gusobanura politiki nini yo gukomeza kugira uruhare mu burasirazuba bwa Congo, kugenzura inzira z’ingenzi no kunguka ku mutungo w’ako karere.

Igihugu gifite uburenganzira bwo kwirinda ibikibangamira. Ariko iyo ikibazo gikomeje kuvugwa imyaka myinshi nubwo habaye intambara nyinshi, ibikorwa byo kwambuka imipaka n’impinduka mu bufatanye, abaturage bafite uburenganzira bwo kwibaza niba impamvu itangwa ariyo isobanura byose.

Amateka y’uburasirazuba bwa Congo agaragaza ko umutekano, politiki, amateka y’amoko n’umutungo kamere byahujwe cyane. Gusobanukirwa iyi ntambara bisaba kureba ibirenze amagambo atangwa ku mugaragaro, ahubwo hakarebwa n’ibikorwa biri ku butaka.